If you note, right from 2011, questions from some areas have been constants in this exam, i.e. they keep coming year after year or every alternate year. Some of these include:- Alternative energy sources and materials (e.g. H-CNG, bio-fuels, shale gas, photovoltaics, fly ash) Bio-technology – Hybridization, new developments such as DNA (genetic) engineering/alteration techniques (CRISPR, RNAi) Use of important microorganisms (e.g. blue-green algae), symbiotics etc. Nano-technology and developments – e.g. Carbon nanotubes Astrophysics (e.g. neutron stars, gravitational waves, black holes), Higher physics (e.g. general theory of relativity), space-missions Polar regions – Issues, bodies and treaties related to Arctic and Antarctica, New developments such as seed vault Diseases in India – Outbreaks, pandemics, eradicated diseases, WHO or MoHFW guidelines Patents (issues and developments) – Evergreening, Patents Act, IPAB, WIPO Emerging technologies (especially communication)– Li-Fi, ...
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